Real-mode programs freely execute CLI and STI to control interrupts, PUSHF and POPF to manipulate flags, INT n for DOS and BIOS calls, and IN/OUT for hardware I/O. In normal protected mode, these instructions are privilege-checked -- they execute normally if the caller has sufficient privilege, and fault otherwise. The 386 can't simply let V86 tasks execute them freely -- a DOS program disabling interrupts would bring down the whole system -- but trapping on every INT 21h call would make V86 impractically slow.
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。爱思助手下载最新版本对此有专业解读
Cgroups are important for stability, but they are not a security boundary. They prevent denial-of-service, not escape. A process constrained by cgroups still makes syscalls to the same kernel with the same attack surface.
这种“短平快”的机械化运转，导致产品严重同质化。一旦运力过剩，就只剩下价格战。